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Don’t let your friends dump git logs into changelogs.
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1.0.0What is a changelog?
A changelog is a file which contains a curated, chronologically ordered list of notable changes for each version of a project.
Why keep a changelog?
To make it easier for users and contributors to see precisely what notable changes have been made between each release (or version) of the project.
Who needs a changelog?
People do. Whether consumers or developers, the end users of software are human beings who care about what's in the software. When the software changes, people want to know why and how.
How do I make a good changelog?
Guiding Principles
- Changelogs are for humans, not machines.
- There should be an entry for every single version.
- The same types of changes should be grouped.
- Versions and sections should be linkable.
- The latest version comes first.
- The release date of each version is displayed.
- Mention whether you follow Semantic Versioning.
Types of changes
Added
for new features.Changed
for changes in existing functionality.Deprecated
for soon-to-be removed features.Removed
for now removed features.Fixed
for any bug fixes.Security
in case of vulnerabilities.
How can I reduce the effort required to maintain a changelog?
Keep an
Unreleased
section at the top to track upcoming changes. This serves two purposes:
- People can see what changes they might expect in upcoming releases
- At release time, you can move the
Unreleased
section changes into a new release version section.
Can changelogs be bad?
Yes. Here are a few ways they can be less than useful.
Commit log diffs
Using commit log diffs as changelogs is a bad idea: they're full of noise. Things like merge commits, commits with obscure titles, documentation changes, etc.
The purpose of a commit is to document a step in the evolution of the source code. Some projects clean up commits, some don't.
The purpose of a changelog entry is to document the noteworthy difference, often across multiple commits, to communicate them clearly to end users.
Ignoring Deprecations
When people upgrade from one version to another, it should be painfully clear when something will break. It should be possible to upgrade to a version that lists deprecations, remove what's deprecated, then upgrade to the version where the deprecations become removals.
If you do nothing else, list deprecations, removals, and any breaking changes in your changelog.
Confusing Dates
Regional date formats vary throughout the world and it's often difficult to find a human-friendly date format that feels intuitive to everyone. The advantage of dates formatted like
There’s more. Help me collect these antipatterns by opening an issue or a pull request. 2017-07-17
is that they follow the order of largest to smallest units: year, month, and day. This format also doesn't overlap in ambiguous ways with other date formats, unlike some regional formats that switch the position of month and day numbers. These reasons, and the fact this date format is an ISO standard, are why it is the recommended date format for changelog entries. Frequently Asked Questions
Is there a standard changelog format?
Not really. There's the GNU changelog style guide, or the two-paragraph-long GNU NEWS file 'guideline'. Both are inadequate or insufficient.
This project aims to be a better changelog convention. Premiere pro guru: professional trimming. It comes from observing good practices in the open source community and gathering them.
Healthy criticism, discussion and suggestions for improvements are welcome.
What should the changelog file be named?
Call it
CHANGELOG.md
. Some projects use HISTORY
, NEWS
or RELEASES
. While it's easy to think that the name of your changelog file doesn't matter that much, why make it harder for your end users to consistently find notable changes?
What about GitHub Releases?
It's a great initiative. Releases can be used to turn simple git tags (for example a tag named
v1.0.0
) into rich release notes by manually adding release notes or it can pull annotated git tag messages and turn them into notes. GitHub Releases create a non-portable changelog that can only be displayed to users within the context of GitHub. It's possible to make them look very much like the Keep a Changelog format, but it tends to be a bit more involved.
The current version of GitHub releases is also arguably not very discoverable by end-users, unlike the typical uppercase files (
README
, CONTRIBUTING
, etc.). Another minor issue is that the interface doesn't currently offer links to commit logs between each release. Can changelogs be automatically parsed?
It’s difficult, because people follow wildly different formats and file names.
Vandamme is a Ruby gem created by the Gemnasium team and which parses many (but not all) open source project changelogs.
What about yanked releases?
Yanked releases are versions that had to be pulled because of a serious bug or security issue. Often these versions don't even appear in change logs. They should. This is how you should display them:
## 0.0.5 - 2014-12-13 [YANKED]
The
[YANKED]
tag is loud for a reason. It's important for people to notice it. Since it's surrounded by brackets it's also easier to parse programmatically. Should you ever rewrite a changelog?
Sure. There are always good reasons to improve a changelog. I regularly open pull requests to add missing releases to open source projects with unmaintained changelogs.
It's also possible you may discover that you forgot to address a breaking change in the notes for a version. It's obviously important for you to update your changelog in this case.
How can I contribute?
This document is not the truth; it’s my carefully considered opinion, along with information and examples I gathered.
This is because I want our community to reach a consensus. I believe the discussion is as important as the end result.
So please pitch in.
Conversations
I went on The Changelog podcast to talk about why maintainers and contributors should care about changelogs, and also about the motivations behind this project.
Keep It is a notebook, scrapbook and organizer, ideal for writing notes, keeping web links, storing documents, images or any kind of file, and finding them again. Available on Mac, and as a separate app for iPhone and iPad, Keep It is the destination for all those things you want to put somewhere, confident you will find them again later.
Keep It is the successor to Together, can import Together libraries, and all Together 3 users can get a discount to upgrade to Keep It. See Information for Together Users below.
Screenshots
Notes, Links and Everything Else
Make Notes
Create notes with built-in styles that look good and read well on all your devices. Notes can contain checklists, bulleted and numbered lists, links, dividers, images and other attachments.
Save Web Links
Save web links to Keep It, view them in the app, open them in your browser, or save them as PDFs or web archives for offline reading.
Add Anything
Keep It 1 0 45
Any kind of file can be created from stationery, added to Keep It or saved to its folders, and then opened for editing in other applications. With iCloud, changes are automatically made available across all your Macs and iOS devices.
Preview and Edit
Keep It generates thumbnails and summaries for most files, can edit its own notes, rich text, plain text and Markdown files, add highlights and notes PDFs, and show images, web pages and most other documents. Any item can be encrypted with a password.
iCloud
Everywhere
Keep It can store everything in iCloud and make it available across all your Macs, and your iPad and iPhone too, with Keep It for iPad and iPhone.
Share Folders and Items
Keep it can share top-level folders and individual items with other Keep It users via iCloud. Participants will see all changes automatically.
Organize
Keep It 1 0 42
Folders
Folders let you organize items and bundles hierarchically, when needed. Select a folder to see everything it contains, double-click to focus the sidebar on that folder.
Bundles
When you need to gather things into one place, make a bundle. Items can be in more than one bundle at a time, and when you remove the bundle, everything else stays where it was.
Labels
Use labels to color-code items for quick visual recognition. Labels are listed in the sidebar so you can quickly see everything with a particular label.
More Lists
Use the Recents list to see things you’ve added or viewed lately, with the latest shown at the top. Favorites provide quick access. Deleted Items are automatically removed after 30 days.
Search and Filter
Search
Keep It can search the content of most files, and can recognize text in scanned PDFs and images. While searching, suggestions appear as you type, allowing you to narrow down results to exactly what you need. Save searches for later reuse.
Tag Filter
Keep It’s Tag Filter makes finding things by tags easy, and works with search and the selected list. Choose a tag to see all the tagged items and any other relevant tags; choose another tag to drill down further.
Works with Your Mac
Real Files
Keep It stores everything you add as files, folders and tags in the Finder that mirror what you see in the app, rather than stuff everything into a database. You can even save new files to these folders to automatically add them.
True Integration
This approach lets Keep It work with the system and all your existing apps, files can be searched with Spotlight, backed up with Time Machine, and opened in any suitable app for editing. Tasks in Keep It can be automated with AppleScript and Automator actions.
Where You Need It
Compact Mode
In compact mode, Keep It for Mac becomes a single column, ideal for using alongside other apps or in split screen.
Works with Other Apps
Pretty much anything can be dragged to Keep It, and you can also add things from a variety of apps with Keep It’s share extension.
Keep It is the successor to Together, and will import your Together libraries. While many things will be familiar, Keep It offers some great new ideas and improvements, including:
View and Edit
- Create notes, stationery and open anything in its own window or tab
- Summaries in the list and enhanced thumbnails, on both Mac and iOS
- Predefined and custom styles for notes
- Insert dividers in notes
- Improved file attachments in notes
- Add highlights and notes to PDF documents, and rotate and remove pages
- Rotate images between landscape and portrait
- Edit Markdown files with syntax coloring and a choice of editor and preview styles.
- See a word count for notes, rich text and plain text documents
- Show margins to constrain the width when editing text items to aid readability
- Automatically rename items created from stationery
- Compact Mode for working alongside other apps as a window or in split view
- Dark mode on macOS Mojave and later
Organize and Manage
- Favorites Bar for quick access to lists
- Folders can show all items in nested folders and bundles
- iCloud sharing for both folders and individual items
- Double-click folders to focus the sidebar on them and the things they contain
- Recents list shows added and edited items across all your Macs and iOS devices
- Selecting multiple items shows options to add them to a bundle, move to a folder, change the label or add tags
- Each list can have its own sort and view settings
- See and search a list of tags in the Info view, and when tagging items in the list
- The sidebar can be hidden and will reappear when you drag to the side of the window
- Deleted items automatically removed after 30 days
- Unfiled list shows anything not in a folder or bundle
Importing
- Share extension can now add text, links, files, photos and movies, and when using it you can add tags, choose locations, and append text to notes. With iCloud, changes will appear on other devices almost instantly
- Bookmarklet can now either import a link or the selected text from a web page
- Import from a scanner, or directly from your iPad or iPhone with Continuity Camera in macOS Mojave
Search and Filter
- Search suggestions for drilling down to exactly what you need
- Text recognition makes scanned PDFs and images searchable, including attachments
- Use keywords when searching, and natural language for dates
- Save searches that work consistently across Macs and iOS
- Tag Filter can filter combinations of tags in the same straightforward way on both Mac and iOS
…but just about everything in Keep It is more refined, works better, faster, and often makes more sense. See Keep It for Together Users for more.
Discounts
Together 3 users can get a half-price discount when moving to Keep It, and free licenses are available for anyone who purchased Together 3 in the 6 months before Keep It was announced.
See the Keep It Support page for information on obtaining these discounts, and how to move from Together to Keep It.